Henry hayward



HENRY HAYWARu'oF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Letters Patent No. 80,263, dated July 21, `1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN FBLTED FABRIGS.

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TO ALL WI-IOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, HENRY HAYWARD, of the city and county of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Felted Fabrics; andrI do hereby declare th at the following is a. full and exact description thereof.

My invention relatesto imparting a. stiffness and body to the material by incorporating within lthe body of the felt a fabric of open-wrought hair-clothi` Horse-hair may be incorporated in single strands, not wrought together, if preferred, and some portion of the benefit ofl my invention may be realized from such an arrangement, but it is far preferable to work the horse-hair together in loosely-woven, knitted, or other open-worked fabrics.

I will proceed to describe what I consider the best means of carrying out my invention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. g

To make a feltedV skirt, having provided a formof wood or other suitable material, of proper size, and arranged to be rotated iu connection with the earding-engine, according tothe best-approved plan, I proceed to wind thereon the webs of wool, crossing each other at various angles, until about half` the quantity of wool which is 'required for the skirt is laid on. I new take the horse-hair fabric, of the proper width, usually preferring to have it from one (l) to two feet in width, and apply this so that it winds quitearound the skirt, holding it in place, it may be either by the hands or by stitches, or by other means, and proceed to wind more`- web, as before. After the proper quantity has been laid on, I remove the skirt from the former, and proceed to treat it under a jigger, or with other approved apparatus, to cause the wool to felt together firmly.

The open character of the horse-hair fabric allows the fibres of the wool to traverse through the said stiiening-fabrie, and to felt firmly the one side fast vto the other, thus holding the horse-hair fibre completely 4embedded in me fen.

With felt of ordinary thickness, the stiening-fabric will be for the mostpart concealed, but this is not mfaterial. I l A I propose in some instances to weave or otherwise produce a stilTening-fabrie, thinner at the upper edge than at the lower edge. The effect of -this is to reduce the horse-hair gradually,so that no sudden changeis observed at the point where the stiffening-fabric ends. I can, if preferred, in any case, wind. the stiffeningfabric around more than one complete revolution. In such case, I prefer to puta small quantity of wool between, by running on a few layers of web from the carding-engine, and take care to properly distribute the joints or ends where the stitening-fabric abuts together.

I propose usually to locate the lower edge of thestitTening-fabric about one inch or one and a half inch` above what will be the lower edge of the skirt when finished.

I canrextend the horsediar fabric quite to the top, if desired.

I propose to make other felled goods with my horse-hair material `cmbraced within the wool, as described, laying the wool on so that the fibres shall cross each other, and felt through, by any approved construction of machinery. A

I propose to make felt hats in this manner, making the stiffness greater in the brim, and to diminish it towards the tip, by making the horse-hair work thinnerand more open at the centre or tip of the hat-body.

I can, in case of very conical or irregular-shaped work, such as hats, weave the horse-hair stiffener in au approximately corresponding form by putting it together with machinery adapted thereto.

It is essential only to my invention that the horse-hair fabric be open work, be adapted to add stiffness to the skirt, without being seriously out of harmony therewith, and shall Vbe embedded at or near thecentrcof the wool, so that the suri'aee shall be felt while the stiii'cning effect is entirely inside of the fabric, and the whole t shall form a single fabric in substance.

I propose, -when the stitfening-fabric is woven in a icnm, to make the warps of horsehair combined with threads of linen, cotton, or other suitable material.' FigQGshows this combination. It makes a very strong and proper stiening, whereby the horse-hairsmay abut together, or be lapped upon each other, as may be preferred.

Referrinig;` to the drawings- A are the under webs or compound layer of Wool.

B is the open-worked stiiiening-material.

C are t'ne outer webs or compound layer of wool. v l Y a and c represent the iibres, forming the compound' layers A and C, which reach through the openings in the stiiening-material B, and bind the whole firmly together.

I propose in some cases to'felt in` my horse-hair material, as above described, in the-form of narrow strips interspersed at intervals in 4the felt. Y A

I propose to make of this stiifened felt, in addition to 'the foregoing, curtains, furniture-cloth, saddle-cloth, false insoles for boots and shoes, gun-Weds, and all articles of felt which require stiiening. Y

My material gives a peculiar advantage when used as gun-walls, by reason of the gentle vbut eicient abrasive or cleaning' el'ect due to the action of the en'ds of the sti`ening-hairs against the inner surface of the barrel ofthe gun.

Figure 1 of the drawings slroivs a side vien' of a skirt complete, the dotted lines showing the boundaries of the stii'l'ening.

Figures 2, 3, and 4 show Lllerent eonstruetionsof the openr Work stiffened.

Figure 5 is a magniedeross-seetion of a piece of the goods, and

Figure 6 shows a warp-yarn magnified. v

Colors are only ussd to aid the eye in distinguishing ports, and do not imply differences of material.

Having new fully described my inventionywbat I claim as new, and desire to sezure by Letters Patent, is-

lhe within-described felted fabric, compounded of the two. layer-sof felt, A and C, with a layer or partial layer of open-worked horse-hair cloth enclosed between, the whole being iirnily-coniined together by the interlaced fibres a and c ofthe felted material, substantially as and for the purposes hereinset forth.

' HY. HAYWARD.

Witnesses:

THOMAS D. Srnrsox,

G. C.'Lrv1NGs. s 

